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C U HỎI 1: Những dạng bài đọc nào được đưa vào kiểm tra trong phần Đọc hiểu của đề thi Tốt nghiệp THPT
Trả lời: Hai dạng bài tập sau thường được đưa vào kiểm tra: 1. Bài tập đọc hiểu và điền vào chỗ trống trong đoạn văn. (Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.)
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2. Bài tập đọc hiểu và trả lời câu hỏi. Trong đề thi có hai bài tập dạng này, một bài tập gồm 5 câu hỏi và một bài tập gồm 7 câu hỏi ở mức độ khó hơn. (Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.) (Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.)
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“C C U HỎI 2: Dạng bài tập đọc hiểu và trả lời câu hỏi thường kiểm tra kiến thức và kĩ năng gì?
Trả lời: Dạng bài tập đọc hiểu và trả lời câu hỏi thường kiểm tra khả năng đọc hiểu văn bản và các kĩ năng đọc bao gồm:
1. Đọc để nắm ý chính 2. Đọc để tìm thông tin cụ thể 3. Đọc và trả lời các câu hỏi quy chiếu 4. Đọc và suy đoán nghĩa của các từ dựa vào văn cảnh 5. Đọc, suy luận, và trả lời câu hỏi về quan điểm của tác giả
C U HỎI 3: Dạng bài tập đọc hiểu và điền vào chỗ trống thường kiểm tra kiến thức ngữ pháp và từ vựng gì?
Trả lời: Dạng bài tập đọc hiểu và điền vào chỗ trống thường kiểm tra kiến thức ngữ pháp và từ vựng được sử dụng trong văn cảnh bài đọc.
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Exercise Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the
numbered blanks from 26 to 30. For decades, carving a pumpkin has been a beloved fall tradition in America, celebrated with parties, festivals and televised competitions. The backstory of jack-o’-lanterns, including how they came to star in Halloween decor is a tale worth (1)
Although the legendary Headless Horseman has been scaring Americans for generations, jack-o’-lanterns actually trace their (2)__ back centuries to Old World traditions.
. In 17th-century Britain it was common to call a man (3) name you didn’t know “Jack”. A night watchman, for example, became known as “Jack-of-theLantern” or jack-o’-lantern.
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Then there’s the 18th-century Irish folktale of Stingy Jack who tricked the devil twice. When he died, he found himself barred from heaven and from hell. But the devil (4)_ on Jack, giving him a piece of coal to light his turnip lantern as he wandered between both places for eternity.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, when the influx of immigrants to the USA took place, they discovered that pumpkins, indigenous to American, were much (5)_to carving than turnips or potatoes.
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1. A. to tell
B. being told
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2. A. origins
B. causes
B. who
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3. A. which 4. A. took a chance
C. took a guess 5. A. well-done . C. better suited
C. telling D. a tell C. basis D. ancestors C. whom D. whose B. took some pity D. took advantage B. longer designed D. more adapted
2 C U HỎI 4:
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Làm thế nào để trả lời đúng được câu hỏi tìm ý chính của cả bài đọc hoặc các đoạn trong bài
Trả lời: Hầu hết các đoạn văn đều có một câu chủ đề nắm giữ ý chính. Câu này thường là câu mở đầu. Tuy nhiên cũng có những trường hợp là câu cuối cùng hoặc nằm ở vị trí khác. Khi muốn tìm ý chính của bài đọc, người đọc sử dụng kĩ năng skimming (đọc lướt). Khi đọc lướt, người đọc chủ yếu tập trung vào các danh từ, động từ và tính từ thể hiện chủ đề bài đọc.
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Một số thủ thuật: 6 Xác định loại văn bản: văn bản sắp đọc là bài báo hay bài luận. Thông thường các bài luận thường có cấu trúc chặt chẽ và dễ tìm ý chính trong khi vị trí của ý chính trong bài báo hay bài bình luận thường khó đoán hơn. * Xác định chủ đề: nghĩ về chủ đề của bài đọc không những giúp người đọc dễ tìm ý chính hơn mà còn có thể đọc nhanh hơn.
Xác định tri thức nền của người đọc về chủ đề: việc này giúp người đọc có sự chuẩn bị về kiến thức và từ vựng, vì vậy có thể tìm ý chính nhanh và hiệu quả hơn. – Xác định cách các đoạn văn được kết nối với nhau: các từ nối, số lượng đoạn văn,… đều là những thông tin hữu ích cho việc xác định ý chính. Ví dụ, thông thường người ta khó tìm thấy ý chính ở đoạn kết luận hoặc đoạn bình luận.
LUYỆN TẬP
Exercise 2
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 1 and 2.
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para. 1 Most of the deep sea, Earth’s largest habitat, has yet to be explored. Even after decades of probing and scanning the depths with submarines and remotely operated vehicles, scientists have seen just a fraction of what is down there.
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para. 2 Katy Croff Bell, an expert on the deep sea (below 200 meters), sees a great opportunity to engage more people, especially women and people of colour,
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in science. Bell has been on more than 40 oceanographic and archaeological expeditions since 1999. When she began, there were few women in the field.
para. 3 New robotic technologies have allowed Bell and many others to make significant discoveries in recent years. By deploying cameras in the depths and livestreaming her expeditions, Bell lets thousands of people around the world explore the ocean with her.
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Question 1: What is the most appropriate title of the passage?
A. The most remote part of the ocean B. What is the deep sea? C. Diversity is important for ocean explorations D. More opportunities to engage people in science
Question 2: Paragraph 3 is mainly about
A. types of technologies used in ocean explorations B. technologies helping people to join in ocean discoveries C. cameras as the best tool to explore the ocean D. how to livestream the deep sea expeditions
…..
7 C U HỎI 5: Làm thế nào để dễ dàng xác định được vị trí của các thông tin cụ thể trong bài đọc?
Trả lời: Để tìm kiếm các từ, cụm từ hay ý trong một bài đọc, người đọc sử dụng kĩ năng scanning (đọc quét). Scanning được sử dụng hiệu quả nhất khi tìm kiếm tên riêng và các con số. Một số thủ thuật:
Xác định loại thông tin cần tìm kiếm – – + Xác định vị trí thông tin có thể xuất hiện. 8 Bỏ qua từ mới, cụm từ không quan trọng, tập trung vào từ vựng và cấu trúc có thể chứa thông tin cần tìm.
LUYỆN TẬP 1
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Exercise 3. Read the following paragraphs and mark the letter A, B, C, or D
to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 1 and 2.
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: We think that the communication is someone sending a message and another person receiving it. However, this view suggests that communication is a simple one-way process, when in fact it is very interactive, with many messages being passed in both directions at the same time. These messages are sent and received not just in the words used, but also in more emotional, nonverbal forms such as facial expressions, tone of voice, and body language. In an increasingly interconnected world, the need to understand other culture is more urgent than ever. So what happens when people from different cultures, who speak different languages, meet? Question 1: Messages can be communicated
A. in two forms: spoken language and body language B. mostly in nonverbal forms C. differently using facial expressions
D. verbally and nonverbally Question 2: Intercultural understanding is important because
A. different nationalities communicate so often these days B. people speak different languages around the world C. the world is becoming bigger and bigger D. people from different cultures misunderstand each other . ;
2 C U HỎI 6: Cần làm gì nếu gặp khó khăn trong việc hiểu nghĩa của từ vựng trong quá trình đọc
Trả lời: Trong quá trình làm bài đọc hiểu, việc không hiểu nghĩa từ vựng khá phổ biến. Người đọc cần sử dụng kĩ năng suy đoán nghĩa từ dựa vào văn cảnh (các câu xung quanh) và đoán loại từ dựa vào các thành phần của từ như tiền tố, hậu tố,…
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I LUYỆN TẬP
Exercise 4
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 3.
para. 1 Almost half of the world’s seven billion citizens are under the age of 25, and they have huge potential to shape the countries they live in. A few countries, such as Argentina, have tried to empower their youth by giving them the right to vote at the age of 16, but it still seems that in many places young people’s opinions are often overlooked or simply not heard. However, one organization that has a long history of giving a voice to young people is the United Nations (UN).
para. 2 In 1946, the UN created a fund called UNICEF to support the millions of children affected by World War II, thanks to the leadership of the Polish medical scientist Ludwik Rajchman. The fund distributed aid without discrimination because, as its director Maurice Pate said, “There are no enemy children.” One of those helped by the fund was seven-year-old Dzitka Samkova from Czechoslovakia, as it was known then. She painted a picture of five dancing girls as a thank you and it was turned into a greeting card, the first of many such cards sold to raise money for millions more children.
Question 1: The underlined word “overlooked” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. cared for B. recognized C. ignored D . loved Question 2: The underlined word “giving a voice” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to A. adopting a perspective
B. expressing an opinion : C. having an argument
D. speaking a language Question 3: The underlined word “discrimination” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. differentiation B. categorization – C. hesitation : D. adaptation
“C U HỎI 1: Trong bài đọc hiểu, các từ nào được dùng làm từ quy chiếu?
Trả lời: Các từ được sử dụng làm từ quy chiếu bao gồm:
+ Các đại từ: he, she, it, they, him, our, its,..
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• this – that; these – those • here – there; now – then . one-ones such – SO
the former – the later Trong bài đọc, các từ quy chiếu dùng để chỉ dẫn tới một ai đó hoặc một cái gì đó đã được nhắc tới từ trước. Chú ý vào những từ này giúp người đọc hiểu được cách các ý kết nối với nhau.
LUYỆN TẬP
Exercise 5
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 3.
para. 1 There are many reasons to visit Rwanda, as there are people who call it home. The tiny 26,338 square km country is home to 12.2 million people.
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para. 2 These days, you are as likely to find tourists here in search of a luxury experience as those roughing it in campsites or seeking out the country’s famous gorillas and chimpanzees – and that only scratches the surface.
para. 3 A multi-day mountain biking expedition along the patchwork of dirt roads that wind their way through the rolling hills as part of the 141-mile long Congo Nile Trail? Yours for the taking. A walk along a 70-meter high, 160-meter long Canopy Walkway that sways in the wind above a natural rainforest? Just say when.
Question 1: The underlined word “those” in the second paragraph ‘refers to
A. tourists
B. days C. campsites
D. gorillas and chimpanzees Question 2: The underlined word “their” in the third paragraph refers to
A. several days B. rolling hills C. dirt roads D. expeditions Question 3: The underlined word “yours” in the third paragraph refers to
A. a trail. B. a patchwork C. a walk D. an expedition
“G C U HỎI :
Dạng câu hỏi suy luận về ý kiến của tác giả có thể được nhận diện như thế nào?
Trả lời: Thông thường, trong số những dạng câu hỏi kiểm tra phần đọc hiểu, dạng yêu cầu suy luận quan điểm của tác giả, suy đoán nghĩa của từ dựa vào văn cảnh đòi hỏi mức độ tư duy cao. Các câu hỏi này thường bắt đầu hoặc bao gồm các cấu trúc: & What is the author’s primary/ main purpose?
The author most likely wrote this passage to __
* What is the main purpose of this passage?
The purpose of the passage is to Which of the following best describes the purpose of this passage? Why does the author write “…”?
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Exercise 6
Read the following paragraphs and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 1 and 2.
Reading 1:
In recent years, Halloween has thrived in the UK, with spending on the holiday almost doubling between 2013 and 2018. Now, like so much else, its rituals have been thrown into doubt by the pandemic. Trick or treating is off limits in almost every area and police elsewhere have advised against it. However, this year Halloween might be considered as a way of learning to recast cherished rituals for a different world. Some American homeowners have made chutes to send candy to treat or treaters from a distance. Businesses have arranged a pumpkin trail so that children can follow a jack-o’-lantern route without risking close encounters. It will not be the same, and this year we need extra ingenuity and determination to enjoy them. Seeking small pleasures is not trivial: 2020 has played enough tricks on us, and we yearn for treats. Question 1: What is the tone of the paragraph?
A. optimistic B. doubtful C. humorous D. pessimistic
Reading 2:
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If a theme runs through the books and articles I’ve written over the past 40 years, it’s a fascination with what scientists have learned about the human body. A long career spent explaining biomedical research has lead me to a deep respect for the scientific process. Despite its occasional missteps and self-corrections, I believe it ultimately moves us toward a clearer understanding of the world and how to thrive in it.
Question 2: The author’s primary intention is
A. to encourage people to read more books B. to criticize the inaccuracy of science C. to show the confidence in science
D. to challenge the belief in biomedicine
LUYỆN TẬP CHUNG
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Exercise 7 Read the following paragraphs and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 7. para. 1 A recent decision by the U.S. government to strip protections from one of the world’s largest intact temperate rainforests could do irreparable harm both to the environment and to the communities that depend on it.
para. 2 On October 29th, 2020, the U.S. Forest Service opened more than nine million acres of Alaska’s Tongass National Forest to loggers. Now, these companies will be able to build roads through the rainforest and cut down thousandyear-old red and yellow cedar, Sitka spruce, and Western hemlock trees.
para. 3 The move reverses the Roadless Rule Act, passed in 2001 with widespread support among conservationists and scientists. For years, the act protected nearly 17 million-acre forest, an ecologically significant area that absorbs roughly 8 percent of pollution produced by the U.S., capturing more carbon offset than all the other U.S. forests combined.
para. 4 Conservationists argue that the rollback opens up the forest’s vulnerable woodlands to deforestation. Many others agree; of the more than 15,000 letters gathered by the U.S. Forest Service on the proposed rollback, 96 percent showed support for keeping the Road Rule intact.
w For the Indigenous communities that call the forest home – it is the historical homeland of the Haida, Tsimshian, and Tlingit peoples – the rollback not only threatens the forest, it endangers their way of life and the wildlife habitats that make southeast Alaska so attractive to millions of tourists who visit each year, boosting the local economy.
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para. 6 “When I walk into the forest, it’s like walking into a beautiful cathedral,” says Joel Jackson, the tribal president of the Organized Village of Kake. “To us as people, this forest is important. We hunt and gather here. Our traditional medicines are from here. The Tongass is our food pantry.”
para. 7 The forest also supplies raw material and creative inspiration for
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Jackson. “We rely on those trees for carving.” Locals can petition to harvest trees for carving needs.
para. 8 What the artists do benefit from, in addition, are the tourist dollars from visitors who come to the Tongass for the views and stay to learn about the forest’s history and the people who live there. “Our people knew not to abuse the land or pollute the waters we use,” says Ken Decker, a member of the Wolf clan of the Tsimshian People. “I think the Roadless Rule may concern the people trying to protect our trees and open it up to fortune logging. Most people elsewhere know little about either.”
Question 1: Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A. An ancient forest in Alaska loses environmental protection. B. The Tongass National Forest is the world’s largest temperate rainforest C. The Tongass National Forest sustains Indigenous communities. D. Rainforests are important as they are food pantry to people.
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Question 2: Which of the following is a benefit of Roadless Rule Act?
A. The Act makes Tongass the largest rainforest in the USA. B. It only allows the government to build roads through forests. C. The pollution produced by the American is reduced by 8%. D. The Act helps to grow 17 million-acre new forests every year.
Question 3: The rollback of the Roadless Rule Act
A. prevents heavy exploitation of raw materials in the forest B. stimulates carving activities of native American artists C. causes economic and emotional harms to local artists
D. creates difficulties in providing inspirations to region’s artists Question 4: The underlined word “reverses” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning
to.
A. perform
B. change
C. amend
D. keep
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Question 5: The author’s discussion of Tongass rainforests in the passage is primarily intended to
A. give warning about the damages of the reversion of Roadless Rule Act B. raise the awareness about costs of deforestation in the global scale C. seek public’s opinions about the reversion of Roadiess Rule Act
D. suggest ways to attract tourists to Tongass rainforests conservation sites Question 6: By comparing Tongass with “the beautiful cathedral” Joel Jackson infers that
A. Tongass is spiritually and physically important B. Tongass will soon be destroyed by loggers C. Tongass needs to be worshipped by local people
D. Tongass is a great place to hiking activities Question 7: The underlined word “either” in paragraph 8 refers to A. visitors and local people
B. the land and the waters C. Roadless Rule and people
D. tree protection and fortune logging
ĐÁP ÁN CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5)
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Exercise 1: 1. C 2.A Exercise 2: 1. D 2. B Exercise 3: 1. D
2. A
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Exercise 4: 1. C
3.A
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2. B
Exercise 5: 1. A
2. C
Exercise 6: 1. A B 2.0
Exercise 7: 1.D 6. A
4. B
5. A